Oral thrush
Thrush, or candidiasis, is an infection caused by the yeast-like fungus Candida albicans, or sometimes by other types of Candida.
Thrush affects the skin or mucous membranes (the smooth moist membranes lining areas of the body such as the mouth and the vagina) and although it can develop anywhere in the body, one of the more common areas is the mouth — it thrives in warm, moist places.
Babies
Many babies catch the Candida infection either from their mothers during birth, or soon after from contact with people. The baby may develop creamy white patches either on the tongue or inside the mouth. As well, thrush can make nappy rash worse as Candida grows well on damaged skin. Many nappy rashes end up being secondarily infected with Candida and won’t clear up until the Candida is controlled. The skin usually becomes very red with lesions that might have a raised red ring or border. If you think your child may have a Candida infection, check with your doctor for an accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Other people at risk of oral thrush
- People with asthma who regularly use inhaled corticosteroids. Using a spacer with the inhaler and rinsing your mouth thoroughly with water after each inhalation should cut down on infection.
- Those who wear dentures, as injury from an ill-fitting denture can provide a breeding ground for the growth of Candida. Also, constant moisture at the corners of the mouth, caused by badly fitting dentures, will allow Candida to grow.
- People taking broad-spectrum antibiotics, as these may interfere with normal protective bacteria.
- People taking tricyclic depressants, which have an effect on saliva and so interfere with the normal protective mechanisms of the mouth.
- People over the age of 35 years who smoke. If the skin creases at the corners of the mouth are constantly moistened by saliva, an ideal breeding ground is provided for Candida to multiply.
- People with conditions such as diabetes, iron deficiency, HIV or AIDS.
Prevention of oral thrush
Candida occurs naturally and is always found in various parts of the body. It’s only when something happens to affect the normal environment of the body, such as taking a course of antibiotics, that an abnormal multiplication of Candida can happen and the symptoms become noticeable and may need medical attention.
If a member of your family has oral thrush, make sure all nasal and oral secretions of the person are disposed of safely and that you wash your hands thoroughly after contact. See your doctor if you have any concerns.
Treatment of oral thrush
Effective antifungal treatment is available.
Last Reviewed: 23 March 2001
