Cystitis
Cystitis, inflammation of the bladder, is a problem that will affect one out of every 2 women at some time in their lives.
The usual symptoms of cystitis are the need to pass urine frequently and pain (usually a burning sensation) when passing urine. Sometimes there will be an urge to go and nothing much happens. Often after passing urine there is a need to go again a few moments later.
Cystitis is usually due to infection with bacteria. In women, the bladder is very close to the outside world, with only a short tube (the urethra) separating them. It is very easy for bacteria to pass along this tube and multiply in the bladder, producing cystitis.
Careful hygiene measures are important in preventing cystitis. Many of the bacteria that cause it are normally present in the bowel. Because the opening of the bowel (anus) is very close to the urethra it is easy for bacteria to spread from one to the other. When using toilet paper after a bowel movement always wipe from the front to the rear to reduce the risk of this spread.
Sexual intercourse is another time when cystitis can be caused, the urethra being even closer to the vagina than it is to the anus. It is easy to see how bacteria can be ‘pushed’ into the urethra during sex. Emptying one's bladder shortly after intercourse will reduce this problem, which is sometimes called ‘honeymoon’ cystitis.
If you develop cystitis see a doctor as soon as possible. Antibiotics are usually needed. In the meantime, drink lots of water (5 litres a day) and try to empty your bladder fully when you need to.
Substances, known as alkalinisers, that reduce the acidity of urine are available over the counter in pharmacies. They will help reduce the pain of cystitis but do not cure the infection.
Last Reviewed: 24 August 2005
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