Skin cancer diagnosis
If your doctor suspects that you have a skin cancer, they may do a biopsy.
In a biopsy the doctor cuts out some (or all) of the growth, which is then examined under a microscope. The doctor will use a local anaesthetic before doing the biopsy so that it doesn’t hurt.
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) tends to grow slowly, often appearing as a pearly lump or reddish scaly area of skin. This type of cancer doesn’t usually spread to other parts of the body; however, if left untreated, a BCC may grow deep into the skin and damage surrounding tissue, increasing the need for surgery to remove the cancer.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is not as dangerous as melanoma but can spread to other parts of the body if not treated. Spots that develop on the lips or ears have the highest risk of spreading and should be seen by a doctor immediately. SCCs develop on parts of the body that are often exposed to the sun, such as the head, neck, face, hands and forearms. They often appear as thickened, red and scaly spots that won’t heal.
Melanoma is the least common type of skin cancer but the most dangerous. Melanoma can spread to other parts of the body and can be fatal if not caught early.
The first sign of melanoma is usually a new spot, or an existing spot, freckle or mole that has changed in size, shape or colour or started to itch or bleed. Melanomas can develop anywhere on the body, even areas that aren’t exposed to the sun, such as the soles of the feet.
Skin cancers (including melanoma) that are detected early can usually be treated successfully.
For further information and advice, call the Cancer Helpline on 13 11 20.
Last Reviewed: 01 January 2007
