Cold sore infections
What are cold sores?
Cold sores are caused by herpes simplex type I virus (HSV-I). This is different from the ‘shingles’ herpes virus. Cold sores are contagious, so infection can be passed by direct contact such as kissing.
Cold sores usually occur on or around the lip, or nose. They are usually preceded by a feeling of tingling, burning, itching, or numbness in the spot where the cold sore is developing. As the cold sore becomes visible, small red spots and fluid blisters appear. These usually merge together into what looks like one sore. Unless there is a secondary infection, cold sores usually clear up within 10 days, and do not leave a scar.
The virus remains in the body and may cause cold sores to recur if you are stressed, tired, feverish or injured. Exposure to sun or wind can also trigger an outbreak of cold sores, so you should use sunscreen to help prevent the virus from being reactivated.
Helpful tips
If you have a cold sore you should:
- keep it moist, avoiding dry cracked areas;
- avoid using astringents on the cold sore;
- avoid passing the virus on through kissing and using other people’s towels and face flannels;
- not touch your eyes with your fingers, if you have touched the cold sore; and
- have antiviral treatment on hand, ready to use at the first tingle.
When should you seek medical advice about cold sores?
See your doctor or pharmacist if:
- your cold sore covers a large area (as big as a 10 cent piece);
- you have more than one cold sore;
- you have persistent or frequently recurring cold sores;
- your cold sore is crusty and has pus, as this is a sign of a secondary infection;
- your cold sore has spread near your eyes;
- a young child has cold sores; or
- the sores are painless, without the early itch or tingle, as these may be cancerous.
Last Reviewed: 27 October 2004
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