Warning on dietary supplements containing ephedra
10 November, 2000
Serious health risks associated with use of the dietary supplement ephedra have been identified as part of an independent study commissioned by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States.
Dietary supplements containing ephedra, a Chinese herb also known as ma huang, are widely promoted in the US as both a means of losing weight and boosting energy levels.
The results of the US study appeared in the 21 December 2000 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, and the journal released the article early because of the serious health implications of the findings.
The study reviewed 140 reports of adverse reactions to dietary supplements containing ephedra which were submitted to the FDA between 1997 and 1999. The researchers found that 31 per cent of adverse events were definitely or probably related to the consumption of ephedra; and 31 per cent were possibly related.
Adverse events associated with ephedra use included: hypertension; palpitations; tachycardia (fast heart beat); stroke; and seizures. Of these negative effects, 13 resulted in permanent disability and 10 in death.
The researchers concluded that the ‘findings arouse concern about the risks of these products, given that they have no scientifically established benefits’ and have also warned that consumption of caffeine may enhance some effects of ephedrine, a component of ephedra supplements.
In Australia, trade in ephedra is restricted only where the ephedra alkaloid content is sufficient to have it classified as a prescription-only substance, however, the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) says there are currently 6 products containing ephedra listed on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods. These are classed as non-prescription drugs and must contain ephedra below the 10mg/kg specified by the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons standard. The TGA is reviewing the research findings.
Last Reviewed: 06 February 2001
- 1. N Engl J Med 2000; December 21
2. Therapeutic Goods Administration
