Appendicitis
Appendicitis means inflammation of the appendix. The appendix is a narrow tube of intestine (bowel) which is closed at one end. Its proper name is the vermiform appendix. Vermiform means 'worm-like' and the appendix looks rather like a short (about 7-8 cm) worm. The appendix arises from the caecum, which is the first part of the large intestine.
Although many animals have an appendix which, like the rest of the intestine, has a role in the digestive process, the appendix does not seem to have any useful purpose in humans.
In an attack of appendicitis, the appendix becomes inflamed and possibly infected. The appendix may form an abscess or even burst, spreading the infection around the abdominal cavity, producing peritonitis (a very serious condition involving inflammation of the membrane that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and the internal organs).
Most people with appendicitis will experience pain in the stomach. This usually starts around the umbilicus (navel, or 'tummy button'). The pain becomes constant and gradually worsens, moving down to the lower right side of the abdomen. The affected person will probably lose their appetite and feel sick, and vomiting is likely to happen. Often the temperature is slightly raised. Ultrasound, abdominal X-rays or computerised tomography (CT), as well as blood tests and urine tests, can be useful in determining whether or not the diagnosis is appendicitis.
Appendicitis affects mainly older children and young adults, although it can occur at any age. Treatment usually consists of an urgent surgical operation (appendicectomy, or appendectomy) to remove the appendix.
If the operation is done early in the illness it is relatively straightforward and is usually followed by a rapid recovery. However if the diagnosis is delayed, complications can occur and the illness may be life-threatening.
A number of other illnesses can mimic appendicitis. Sometimes it can be very difficult to be certain of the cause of the symptoms and appendicectomy may be performed when the appendix turns out to be normal. However, it is better to be safe than sorry.
Last Reviewed: 04 December 2007
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