Stroke: what risk factors can I control?
There are a number of risk factors for stroke which you as an individual can control, and in doing so, help lessen the chances of having a stroke.
Risk factors which can be controlled
Risk factors which can be controlled include the following factors.
- High blood pressure
High blood pressure, sometimes called hypertension, is the most important known risk factor for stroke. You can control your blood pressure by changing your diet and lifestyle, particularly through regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight, or your doctor may prescribe medication. - High cholesterol level
A high cholesterol level is a contributing factor to blood vessel disease, often leading to a stroke. Try to avoid foods which have excess fat, cholesterol, or have been fried. Choose lean meats and low fat dairy products. Limit your intake of eggs. - Diet
In addition to the above, avoid foods which have excess salt. Try to eat fresh foods wherever possible. When buying processed or canned foods, check the sodium content on the list of ingredients which, by law, should be on the label. Sodium can be in the form of disodium phosphate, monosodium glutamate, sodium nitrate or any other sodium compound. Low salt food has a level of less than 120mg/100g. - Alcohol
Your risk of stroke can be reduced with moderate alcohol intake (1-2 glasses a day). However, excessive amounts of alcohol can raise blood pressure and increase your risk of stroke. - Diabetes
Diabetes, either insulin-dependent (Type 1) or non-insulin dependent (Type 2), can damage the entire circulatory system. Type 2 is particularly dangerous, as the symptoms can be mild, and it is often undiagnosed. It is vital that diabetes be properly controlled for all aspects of your health, but especially to prevent stroke. Talk to your doctor if you have diabetes. - Overweight and obesity
Being overweight or obese can contribute to high blood pressure, high cholesterol and can lead to heart disease and type 2 diabetes, which also increases the risk of stroke. If you can’t keep your weight within recommended levels, ask your doctor or a nutritionist for help. - Smoking
Smoking can increase your risk of stroke by increasing blood pressure and reducing oxygen in the blood. Seek advice on how you can quit smoking as soon as possible. - Exercise
A good balance between exercise and food intake is important; this helps maintain a healthy body weight. People who participate in moderate activity are less likely to have a stroke. Try and build up to at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity most days of the week. - Irregular pulse (atrial fibrillation)
You are more at risk of stroke if you have an irregular pulse due to the condition atrial fibrillation. If you experience symptoms such as palpitations, weakness, faintness or breathlessness, it is important to see your doctor for diagnosis.
Last Reviewed: 08 January 2008
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