Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
What is irritable bowel syndrome?
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an illness characterised by intermittent abdominal cramps and constipation with alternating periods of diarrhoea. Frequently the patient will notice mucus mixed in with the stool, but there should be no blood. Two thirds of sufferers are female.The exact cause of irritable bowel syndrome is not known. In the past it used to be called ‘spastic colon’ or colitis. These terms are incorrect since it is not a true inflammation of the bowel wall.
IBS is often said to be made worse by stress. However, many of those affected deny any stress whatsoever.
The role of fibre
One theory is that IBS is a result of inadequate fibre in modern diets. Over the years, our colons (large intestines) evolved to handle a large amount of fibre. In the past 100 years fibre has been reduced in our diets through the processing of foods. This lack of fibre causes irregular contractions of the large intestines.The symptoms will get worse if you eat poorly, as we frequently do while on vacation or away from home. Periods of stress seem to worsen the symptoms. The cramps can be located in any part of the stomach. They come in varying degrees of severity, ranging from occasional mild episodes to a debilitating illness that causes frequent absence from work.
Diagnosing IBS
Because the symptoms of IBS can mimic other, more serious, illnesses a number of tests may be necessary before the diagnosis can be made with confidence. These tests may include an X-ray of the large intestine (barium enema), colonoscopy and checking the stool for blood.Treatment
The treatment of irritable bowel syndrome is quite simple. The first step is to simply add fibre to the diet. This includes eating high fibre cereals in the morning and increasing fruits and vegetables in the diet. Commercial brands of fibre may be necessary.Occasionally antispasmodic medication has to be added to the treatment. Drinking plenty of liquids and daily regular exercise are also helpful in reducing symptoms. It is important to realise that this illness will not shorten your life.
Last Reviewed: 10 July 2001
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