Haemorrhoids treatments
What are haemorrhoids?
Haemorrhoids are enlarged veins just under the surface tissue of your rectum (the last part of your bowel) or your anus (the opening of your bowel). Haemorrhoids that occur in your rectum are called internal haemorrhoids, and those that occur around your anus are called external haemorrhoids. Haemorrhoids are common — about 50 per cent of adults have them by the time they turn 50 — and are also called ‘piles’.
Treatments for haemorrhoids
If you have symptoms of a haemorrhoid, it is important to visit your doctor to make sure that the bleeding, pain or swelling is due only to a haemorrhoid and not to anything more serious.
Haemorrhoids that are swollen and painful respond well to a plain, warm water bath. Soak the area for about 10 minutes. Alternatively, you can use a sitz bath, which is a small bathing bowl that you fill with clean warm water and place over your toilet bowl — you then ‘sit’ your bottom in the bath several times a day, and especially after passing a motion, to help relieve the pain and swelling of a haemorrhoid.
Creams or suppositories for haemorrhoids, which are available over the counter at your pharmacy, can be very effective to reduce the swelling and pain in the short term. Ask the pharmacist for advice on which product is best for you. See your doctor if your symptoms do not settle in a few days.
A protruded internal haemorrhoid may need to be gently pushed back inside the anus. Your doctor can advise you about what to do in this situation.
Wash haemorrhoids after each bowel motion with warm water (using a sitz bath is an easy way to do this). Disposable baby wipes, available at chemists and supermarkets, are an ideal way to clean the area around the anus.
Preventing constipation by aiming to form soft stools that are passed easily is the best way to avoid existing haemorrhoids becoming irritated and new haemorrhoids forming. Eat a diet that is high in fibre (fruit, vegetables and wholegrain cereals), drink plenty of fluids, and exercise on a regular basis. Avoid excessive straining by not sitting on the toilet for any longer than a few minutes.
Advanced treatments for haemorrhoids
There are several advanced treatments which can be used for people who have continuing difficulty with haemorrhoids. They include the following.
- Sclerotherapy. Injection of a haemorrhoid with a chemical that shrinks the blood vessels within the haemorrhoid.
- Banding. This involves applying a tight elastic band around an internal haemorrhoid to cut off its blood supply. The haemorrhoid then falls off painlessly.
- Other techniques that destroy the haemorrhoid tissue and/or its blood supply include laser therapy, infra-red light (photocoagulation) and electric current (electrocoagulation).
- A blood clot in an external haemorrhoid is sometimes treated by incising the haemorrhoid under local anaesthetic to remove the blood clot.
- A surgical operation called a haemorrhoidectomy may be required for a small number of people. The haemorrhoids are surgically removed under anaesthetic. This will require a short stay in hospital.
If you are having ongoing problems with haemorrhoids, ask your doctor’s advice about options for treatment.
Last Reviewed: 26 October 2009
- 1. Haemorrhoids [revised September 2006]. In: eTG complete [Internet]. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited; 2009 Nov (Accessed 2009 Dec 4.) http://www.tg.org.au/
