Bleeding gums
What causes bleeding gums?
Bleeding gums are something many people notice when they brush their teeth vigorously. Although many think this is normal, it can be a sign of problems.
Bleeding is often due to infection of the gums and the bone supporting teeth.
These infections are caused by bacteria which grow on teeth. Together with various food waste products the bacteria form plaque, a sticky film that collects on teeth and produces the superficial gum infection known as gingivitis. This can progress to the more serious infection of periodontitis in which chronic inflammation causes a separation of gums from teeth. Pockets of infection develop in the spaces created, bone is lost and teeth become loose, move around and may fall out.
The early stages of these problems are usually quite painless, with bleeding the only clue.
Can gum disease be treated?
Gum disease is common and can be prevented only by cleaning the teeth very carefully. Once the infection is established it may be necessary to have this done by a dentist or periodontist who will use special instruments to remove the plaque, which, when it hardens, is also referred to as calculus, scale or tartar. Unfortunately, simple brushing with toothpaste or flossing will not remove these hard deposits.
Other causes of bleeding gums
Other things can cause bleeding from the gums. It is quite common in people taking aspirin or other drugs which ‘thin’ the blood. It may also be a sign of more serious blood disorders. Bleeding when brushing your teeth should never be regarded as normal, any more than bleeding from the scalp with hair brushing should be.
Last Reviewed: 21 May 2002
