Complications of diabetes
Although there are several long-term effects of diabetes, some effects can develop after only 6 or 12 months of high levels of glucose in the blood.
Diabetes complications can cause major health problems such as blindness, heart disease, stroke and kidney failure.
High blood glucose levels
A high level of glucose in the blood is the most important factor causing long-term complications of diabetes.
Tobacco smoking
Tobacco smoking is the second single most important factor in the development of complications of the eyes, kidneys and blood vessels. It is extremely unusual for a person with diabetes to have a leg amputated due to blocked blood vessels unless they smoke.
High blood pressure
Untreated high blood pressure accelerates the blockage of arteries and increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, peripheral vascular disease and retinopathy.
Overweight and high blood fats
High blood fats and being overweight tend to accelerate the build-up of fat in the lining of the blood vessels, accelerating the blockage of arteries.
Alcohol
Excess alcohol consumption aggravates nerve damage and causes high blood pressure, high blood fats and excess weight gain.
Last Reviewed: 11 July 2001
