Pap smears and colposcopy
Why are Pap smears important?
Most adult women are well aware of the importance of having regular Pap smear tests (usually every 2 years) to check for inflammation or infections of the cervix (neck of the womb), or more serious abnormalities that may lead to cancer of the cervix.
What if my Pap smear is abnormal?
If a Pap smear is not entirely normal this doesn't automatically mean that cancer is present. Many things, such as inflammation and minor irritations, can cause the cells of the cervix to look abnormal, often on a temporary basis. Sometimes all that needs to be done is to repeat the smear test sooner than would otherwise be necessary. When the cells obtained from the cervix show abnormalities that may indicate the pre-cancer state, a test known as a colposcopy is usually recommended.
What is a colposcopy?
This procedure allows doctors to look closely at a woman's cervix through a special microscopic device called a colposcope. Special stains can be applied to the cervix to outline suspicious areas and biopsies taken for further examination. Sometimes abnormal cells are treated using laser, freezing or with use of a mild electric current (diathermy). This may be performed at a subsequent visit.
Having a colposcopy is a little like having a Pap smear. A speculum is inserted into the vagina and the colposcope is used to look directly at the cervix. The procedure is usually only slightly uncomfortable, especially if the patient is able to relax.
After a colposcopy
After a colposcopy it is usually wise to wear a sanitary pad (it is preferable not to use a tampon) for a few days as there is normally some discharge and perhaps a little bleeding if a biopsy was taken.
It is best to avoid heavy physical activity for 24 hours, and avoid swimming, spa baths and sexual intercourse for 3 days.
Last Reviewed: 02 December 2009
- 1. National Cervical Screening Program. The Pap smear (updated 2009, November 24). Available at: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/screening/publishing.nsf/Content/papsmear (Accessed 2009, Dec 18)
2. National Cervical Screening Program. An abnormal Pap smear result: what this means for you (updated 2007, February 2). Available at: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/screening/publishing.nsf/Content/cv-pap-smear-l (Accessed 2009, Dec 18)
